Mountain Architecture: An Alternative Design Proposal
for the
Wy'East Day Lodge, Mount Hood Oregon

by Thomas P. Deering, Jr.

CHAPTER III

PROGRAM FOR THE DESIGN


Figure 3.0: The proposed Wy'East Day Lodge. (Author)

The facilities program, site selection criteria, and project goals presented below were drawn directly from two sources: the USDA Forest Service Environmental Statement, "Timberline Lodge", (the final, dated October, 1975), a 160 page document intended to address the "selection of a long term management direction for the Timberline Lodge complex"; (1) and a detailed facilities program for construction of the Wy'East Day Lodge as built, supplied by the U.S. Forest Service to the Portland architectural firm of Broom Oringdulph O'Toole Rudolf & Associates (BOORA). The technical requirements portion of the facilities program is reproduced in full as Appendix C.

SITE DESCRIPTION

The Timberline Lodge Ski Area and Resort Complex is located sixty miles by car east of Portland Oregon, at an elevation of 6,000 feet on the southern slopes of Mount Hood, the highest mountain in the Oregon Cascades (Map 3.1). The Lodge itself is located right at the forest timber line, directly south of the summit (Figure 3.1; Map 3.2 ). The nearest town, Government Camp (population 300), is a long six miles away, at the beginning of an all-weather road kept open year around by the Oregon State Highway Department. Most visitors arrive at the Lodge from Portland via U.S. Highway 26 and can cover the distance in a little more than an hour. Together with U.S. 26, State Highway 35 (between Mount Hood and Hood River) and Interstate I-84 which runs along the Columbia River, constitute the "Mount Hood Loop". The Loop is a popular scenic drive, of which a sortie to Timberline Lodge is an essential part. Highway 26 is the primary east-west route between Portland and central Oregon giving excellent access to Timberline Lodge from all parts of the state. As an illustration of its accessibility, in 1975, over 700,000 people (including skiers) visited the Lodge. (2)



Map 3.1: Vicinity map. (Author)

Map 3.2: Mount Hood Vicinity. (Author)

Figure 3.1: Aerial photograph of Mount Hood and the site. (Postcard by Hugh Ackroyd, Portland, Oregon. C-5494-3)

Downhill skiing in the Mount Hood vicinity is shared by five ski areas, including Timberline. Mount Hood Meadows Ski Area, opened in 1969 and now the largest, is the most popular, offering the greatest diversity of terrain. Multorpor and Ski Bowl, two older ski areas located at Government Camp, combined operations in recent years to become Mirror Mountain, the third largest area on the mountain after Mount Hood Meadows and Timberline. Another much smaller facility, catering mostly to beginners, is the Summit Ski Area, also located at Government Camp. Only one ski area, Cooper Spur, is located on the north side of Mount Hood. It is the smallest of the four major areas and draws skiers primarily from the town of Hood River and other points north.

Timberline, as a ski area, is unique in this country. Nowhere else is quality downhill skiing available all year around. Glaciers on the south side of Mount Hood are gentle, easily accessable from Timberline Lodge, and usually maintain a good skiing surface late into the summer. Snow cats (motorized vehicles for transporting people and equipment over deep snow), have carried skiers to the 10,000 foot level of the mountain for many years to enjoy spectacular spring and summer glacier skiing. This has become so popular, that a new lift to serve these skiers (Palmer) is included as part of the Environmental Statement proposed action. Timberline is the only place in the country where ski racers, most notably the U.S. Olympic team, can train throughout the summer.

As a resort complex on Mount Hood, Timberline is also unique. Current public land management policy alomst universally disallows overnight accommodations on public lands, whether in hotels, condominiums or cabins. And, since almost all of the land in the Mount Hood vicinity, including the ski areas, is publicly owned, overnight accommodations are almost completely unavailable on the mountain. Timberline Lodge is the only facility which can offer overnight accommodations within close proximity to the ski slopes. This because Timberline Lodge itself is a federally owned hotel. All of the other areas must attract skiers on a daily basis. Some overnight accommodations are available in Government Camp, but, for the most part, recreation on Mount Hood is geared to the daily visitor.

PROGRAM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The first paragraph on the summary sheet of the Environmental Statement states: "The objective is to preserve Timberline Lodge and make it available for puiblic use and enjoyment." (3) During the 1960s, several studies were undertaken by the Forest Service and others which, in general, "indicated that some additional development [at Timberline] was desirable and, in fact, necessary if the Timberline Lodge complex was to be an efficient and economically sound undertaking." (4)

To these ends, the Environmental Statement presented the following "management direction" for the complex:

    1. To maintain, enhance and operate the Lodge as a historical structure of national significance (a living museum) which is the paramount example of 'Cascadian' architecture, finished and furnished with works of art from the Federal Art Programs of the 1930s and prime examples of handcraftsmanship indigenous to the region.
    2. To operate the permit area as a winter and summer ski facility where the Lodge will function as a resort for overnight skiers, as in the original concept of Timberline.
    3. To provide facilities to meet a reasonable amount of growing demand for year-long, overnight convention and group activities.
    4. To provide satisfactory accommodations for increasing numbers of day-use hikers, backpackers, climbers, skiers and other recreational users in a day lodge designed to compliment the historical and cultural features of Timberline Lodge.
    5. To provide interpretive services for the public. The intent is to present the artistic, architectural and historical value of the Lodge and to foster an appreciation of the unique spirit and dedication which has gone into the creation and maintenance of Timberline Lodge. The natural history of the area will also be interpreted. (5)

 
Figure 3.2: Perspective of suggested facilities presented in the final Environmental Statement, "Timberline Lodge." (Figure 10)   Figure 3.3: Site plan of suggested facilities presented in the final Environmental Statement, "Timberline Lodge." (Figure 4)

As a specific manifestation of these goals, a description and visual interpretation (Figures 3.2 and 3.3) of proposed actions is also presented in the Environmental Statement. These actions recommend following a "moderate" course of development. More restrictive as well as liberal development alternatives were also considered, but rejected as either economically infeasible or as having an unacceptable environmental impact on the site. (6)

A summary of the actions proposed by the Environmental Statement is as follows:

  1. Day Lodge: Construct a day lodge for skiers, the purpose of which would be "to relieve the congestion of people in the historic lodge, yet at the same time, accommodate visitors." (7)

    Degredation of Timberline Lodge due to overcrowding is also mentioned.

    With respect to the quality of the day lodge design, the Environmental Statement indicates that "its architecture will be subordinate to the original lodge with its lines, form and material designed to blend with that building." (8) A design review panel would then be responsible for ensuring compatibility with Timberline Lodge.

    Due to the proximity of the Lodge to Portland and the frequency of winter storms, Timberline experiences large fluctuations in the number of visitors from one day to another. It is suggested, however, that the day lodge be sized to accommodate the "typical use situation, rather than the anticipated big day." (9)

    A brief list of facilities to be included is also presented in the Environmental Statement, noteable only for its lack of any space not devoted primarily to service, such as outdoor deck space, or fireplace and lounge:

    1. Cafeteria with fast food service, convertible to a multipurpose area. Includes 'Brown-bagger area'.
    2. Restrooms.
    3. Ski shop, lift ticket sales, ski rental ski repair.
    4. Gift shop.
    5. First aid and ski patrol rooms.
    6. Lockers for skis and packages.
    7. Security guard quarters.
    8. A room open 24 hours a day for back packers and mountain climbers with a repacking table, toilet and climbers' register. (10)

    (A more complete summary is provided later in the description of the facilities program.)


    Figure 3.4: Possible sites for the Day Lodge and the Overnight Accommodations as presented in the Final Environmental Statement, "Timberline Lodge". Day lodge: sites A-D. Overnight accommodations building: sites 1-7. (Author)

    Several alternative sites for the location of the day lodge were considered by the Environmental Statement, two of which, Sand Flat and Nanich, are removed a considerable distance from Timberline Lodge. The other four sites are shown in Figure 3.4. Those under consideration were:

    1. West of Middle Parking Lot.
    2. Edge of Upper Parking Lot.
    3. North Side of Upper Parking - East of Lodge.
    4. West of Magic Mile Chairlift.
    5. Sand Flat.
    6. Nanich. (11)

    In addition, eighteen "objectives for location and siting of a day lodge at Timberline", were listed:
    1. Attract skiers (day use) away from Timberline Lodge.
    2. Locate to best serve available ski terrain.
    3. Locate for minimum visual conflict with Timberline Lodge and the mountain during both summer and winter.
    4. Locate for maximum efficiency of operation and maintenance at lowest cost.
    5. Provide adequate space to accommodate all facilities required for ultimate ski area capacity.
    6. Site to permit low cost construction.
    7. Site to require minimum modification for construction.
    8. Site to provide maximum convenience to users.
    9. Site to provide opportunity for visually attractive environment as viewed from without, within and from.
    10. Locate to provide for economically sucessful business opportunity for both Timberline and the ski area functions.
    11. Site to provide minimum exposure to severe weather.
    12. Locate to provide for easy, all-weather access.
    13. Site to provide adequate snow during early season.
    14. Locate to provide convenient access to the activities (winter and summer).
    15. Site to provide visibility of ski slopes from day lodge.
    16. Provide convenient access to ski shop, rentals, etc. for lodge guests.
    17. Locate to provide support to Timberline Lodge for sightseers, mountain climbers, hikers, etc.
    18. Locate to maintain Timberline Lodge social environment. (12)

    A direct connection to Timberline Lodge via a tunnel between the loading areas is also recommended.

    Based on these objectives, the location recommended by the Environmental Statement is site "A", "West of the Middle Parking Lot", (Figure 3.5).

  2. Timberline Lodge Remodeling: Changes are outlined to be made within Timberline Lodge upon completion of the day lodge, mostly to visitor information facilities.

  3. Transportation: Modifications are proposed to the main (middle) parking lot to facilitate snow removal, and to eliminate parking in the upper lot, in front of Timberline Lodge.

  4. Overnight Accommodations: Timberline Lodge, with its 56 rooms (sleeping 154) has been only marginally sucessful as a hotel. Studies indicate that a minimum of 120 rooms is required to establish its economic viability. It is also suggested that dramatic fluctations in occupancy, from season to off-season, may be remedied by the construction of an additional building containing 60 new sleeping rooms. Curiously, a rather detailed solution, to be built beneath the upper parking lot, is recommended by the Environmental Statement. Dimensioned plans and a section are included which describe a bunker-like concept: three floors of south facing, alternating "A" and "B" unit motel rooms, buried along the hillside in front of Timberline Lodge. As seen from the Lodge, three stair towers would be the only evidence of the building's existence (Figure 3.2).

    Several sites were considered for the additional Overnight Accommodations, including three in remote locations: Sand Flat, Nanich, and Government Camp. The possible sites near Timberline Lodge (Figure 3.4) were:

    1. Wing to the Lodge.
    2. Old maintenance building lot.
    3. Under the upper parking lot (in front of Timberline Lodge).
    4. Above sewage treatment plant.
    5. North of upper parking lot and east of Lodge.
    6. West of Magic Mile chairlift.
    7. Sand Flat.
    8. Goverment Camp.
    9. Nanich. (13)

    The third alternative (under the upper parking lot) was recommended based on the following "objectives for siting additional overnight accommodations at Timberline":

    1. Provide convenient access for guests to Timberline Lodge.
    2. Provide maximum attraction to overnight uers (Timberline image).
    3. Provide for maximum operation an maintenance efficency at minimum cost.
    4. Provide minimum visual conflict with Timberline Lodge and the alpine environment.
    5. Minimize construction costs.
    6. Provide minimum attraction to use by non-guests.
    7. Provide minimum disruption and conflict with ski area operation.
    8. Do not change the character of Timberline Lodge.
    9. Provide convenient, all-weather access to the facility.
    10. Provide convenient access to the ski slopes.
    11. Recognize and maintain the historical value of the Timberline Lodge building. (14)

    A direct connection to the new day lodge, to share services, as well as a tunnel to Timberline was also recommended.

  5. Landscaping: Proposes restoration of existing landscaping and re-establishment of landscape features included in the original 1936 design, such as the reflecting pools behind Timberline Lodge, and the loop driveway and "plaza" in front.

  6. Palmer Chairlift: This lift would operate between the 7,000 and 9,000 foot levels of Mount Hood, from just east of, and below the upper terminus of the Magic Mile Chair Lift. Its operating season would be limited to late spring, summer, and fall providing access to the upper reaches of the Palmer snowfield. This lift would insure a viable summer skiing program. (Construction of this lift was completed in time for the 1980 summer ski season.)

  7. Blossom Chairlift and Accompanying Ski Runs : Intended as a horizontal expansion of the Timberline ski area, the Blossom lift would be built after completion of the day lodge, as it would significantly expand the capacity of the ski area (actual completion was in 1980). It and the Palmer lift are the only lifts not shown in the site drawings. It is located about 2,000 feet due west of Timberline Lodge and can be seen in Map 3.2 .

Other proposed actions, which would have at most only a minimal effect on the design of the day lodge, include "Support Facilities" (water, sewer and electricity), "Administrative actions", and "National Historic Site Implications".

SITE ANALYSIS

Existing Structures: All of the existing buildings on the site are to remain (Figure 3.5). Aside from Timberline Lodge and the chairlift buildings, two other structures also exist in the immediate vicinity of the site: a maintenance shed for vehicles and equipment, and a sewage treatment plant. Both are located 800 feet down the hill south of the Lodge--the sewage building to the east. The amphitheater, north and west of the Lodge, is built into the hill, and, by the time the ski season begins in the fall, is completly covered by snow. Two other structures have been built within the permit area: Silcox Hut (the old Magic Mile Upper Terminus, Figures 4.37 and 4.38, see Chapter IV), and the Phlox Point cabin (Map 3.2; Figure 3.6). Neither would be affected by, nor influence directly any other construction on the site.


Figure 3.5: Existing structures and topography. The contour interval is four feet, with the highest elevations to the north. (Author)


Figure 3.6: Phlox Point Cabin, 1933. The two upper entries give access through the winter snowpack. (Author)

Topography: For a ski area, the average slope within the permit area is very gentle, only about twenty per cent. From Timberline Lodge, at 6,000 feet, for two and one-half miles up to about the 9,500 foot level, the steepness increases gradually, and is easily walked. Down the hill from the Lodge, more variation in the terrain is found, yeilding steeper slopes and small vales. A stream, the north fork of the Salmon River, cuts through the site between the parking lot and the Lodge, which has been easily bridged by a culvert (Figures 3.5 and 3.7; Plate 3.1).


Figure 3.7: Low-resolution computer drawn site plan. (Author)


Plate 3.1: Computer drawn color perspective of the existing site plan. (Author)

Climate: The most characteristic thing about the weather around Mount Hood is that it is very changeable. It is rare to two consecutive days experience the same weather conditions. The climate on the whole is, however, very consistant, both in its effects and its variability. Two main seasons are experienced: summer and winter. Fall and spring are so short as to be insignificant. Snow begins to fall early in September, but usually with no accumulation until late October. Most years find enough snow on the ground for skiing by Thanksgiving--at least 30 inches. The snow pack continues to grow until it reaches its maximum, usually in March. An average winter will see over 200 inches of snow on the ground at this time. Most of it will be gone from the vicinity of the Lodge by the end of June.


Figure 3.8: Prevailing storm wind directions. (Author)

The winter storms which bring snow prevail from the southwest (Figure 3.8). Thirty mile-per-hour winds are not uncommon, but at this strength do force curtailment of operations. Storm winds in excess of fifty miles-per-hour occur only once or twice a year.(15) Strong winds from the east are also common, but do not occur as storm, per se. In the winter they bring very cold but clear and dry weather. These conditions, occurring a couple of times a year, may persist for a week or more.

Winter temperatures are usually in the twenties or low thirties, with relatively little fluctuation from day to night. Not infrequently, the temperatures will cross the freezing mark in the daytime, even in the coldest months. Rain can be expected anytime.

The summer is short, often lasting only through July and August. Days are warm and clear, while the nights are quite cold; a forty degree temperature swing is not uncommon. Late in the summer very warm, dry winds of up to 100 miles-per-hour may be expected. These winds often carry sand, causing localized sand storms.

Flora and Fauna: Wild life at the 6,000 foot timber line is not sparse by any means. In winter, the rich variety of plant and animal life characteristic of many wilderness habitats is all but hidden by snow, making its renewed presence in summer a perennial surprise.

Timberline Lodge stands on two transition lines. One line separates the dry eastern Cascades from the wet western Cascades; the other separates the heavily timbered lower slopes from the arid slopes of the upper mountain. The resulting vegetation at Timberline Lodge is arranged as stringers and clumps of white bark pine and prostrate common dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis), mountain hemlock and various true firs interspersed with alpine meadows rich with summer wildflowers. Below Timberline Lodge, sufficient water is present to perpetuate heavy stands of lupine, phlox, cat's ear, etc. East and northeast from the Lodge, the Rockland Soils support more widely scattered plants communities. Plants in this 'desert' do not form solid mats, but thousands of plants varying from tiny seedlings to hummocks 12-18 inches across dot the landscape.(16)

The timber-line fauna is equally as rich; birds and mammals abound. Over sixty species of birds inhabit the area during the year, many of which are permanent residents: the raven, Clark's nutcraker, and crested gray rosy finch, for example. Indigenous mammals include the black-tailed deer, chipmunks, golden-mantled ground squirrels, chikarees, cony, and marmots. Occasionally, larger mammals such as bobcat, cougar, cayote, and raccon are seen, although rarely. No endangered species reside in or regularly visit the permit area. (17)

Vehicular Circulation: Access to the site for all vehicles is via the two-lane, paved secondary road originating at the summit of Highway U.S. 26, a quarter mile east of Government Camp. One-half mile before its terminus it divides onto a one-way loop around the middle parking lot. Several gravel roads, including the Old Timberline Road can also be used, but only in the summer. Most visitors arrive by private car, although tour buses in the summer and ski buses in the winter do service the area. Timberline Lodge also operates a shuttle bus from Government Camp on a limited basis.


Figure 3.9: Existing parking. (Author)

Parking, as shown in Figure 3.9, is allowed in several areas at Timberline. Designated the "upper lot", parking along the widened road in front of, and just below the Timberline Lodge is intended primarily for Lodge guests, especially when visitation is heavy. General visitor and skier parking is encouraged in the "middle lot", which is entered at its northern (upper) edge from the loop road. A guard rail seperates the western edge of the parking area from traffic exiting the upper lot or continuing past the middle lot entrance. The middle lot is exited from its lower, southern end. Additional parking areas are available when the middle lot is full. North of the loop road, what used to be parking for the Old Magic Mile lift can be used as well as the widened section of the loop road south of the service area.

Snow Removal: From the first snows in September, crews work to clear snow from the roads and parking areas. Plowed snow from the upper lot is pushed over the embankment to the south, into an area which will readily accept a seasons accumulation (Figure 3.10). The loop access road and northern lot are easily cleared of snow by conventional methods into the Salmon River canyon to the east, or, when necessary, into the adjacent forests.


Figure 3.10: Snow disposal areas. (Author)

Snow removal from the middle lot however, is a significant problem. Only a small amount of snow can be pushed to its perimeter without impinging upon areas used for vehicular access or recreation. Snow must therefore be either stored within the parking lot itself, thereby reducing its capacity, or be pushed over the embankment into the access road to the east and from there blown in to the canyon. Both solutions are undesireable and, although it does not directly affect this project, this problem points out the substantial difficulties that can be posed by having to move large amounts of snow. (The Environmental Statement proposed building a retaining wall adjacent to the access road to solve this problem; the lot would then be enlarged so snow can be blown over the road directly into the canyon.)

Recreational Facilities: Down hill skiing is the primary recreational attraction at Timberline, both summer and winter. Currently, all of the ski runs are west of Timberline Lodge, with the exception of the beginners area near the Betsy rope tow (Figure 3.11). Most of the winter skiing is down the mountain from the Lodge, on ski runs of varying terrain and surrounded by forest. The runs above the timber line, accessable from the Magic Mile chairlift, offer a contrast: intermediate skiing on gently sloping, open snowfields. The area is also lit for night skiing, which draws regular crowds. Of the five chairlifts, two have their termani in the immediate vicinity of the Lodge. Here, if anywhere, is the center of the ski area, where the majority of skiers begin and end their day.


 
Figure 3.11: Downhill ski runs. (Author)   Figure 3.12: Areas used for cross-country skiing and inner-tubing. (Author)

Two other winter sports activities, cross country skiing and inner-tubing, are popular at Timberline, although no special facilities are provided for them (Figure 3.12). Most of the cross country skiers who use the area traverse the gentle terrain around the Lodge, near the forest timber line where open space is plentiful but not too exposed. In addition, two long ski trails, the Alpine and Glade trails, connect Timberline with Government Camp and are used by both down hill and cross country skiers. Inner-tubing (sliding down snow-covered hills in over-inflated truck inner tubes) happens mostly on weekends and holidays, just about anywhere near the parking lots with some slope and no skiers.


Figure 3.13: Summit Climbing routes and nature trails. (Author)

The south side ascent of Mount Hood is one of the most popular climbs in the world, drawing thousands of people, of all ages, each year. (18) May, June and July are the best climbing months, although successful climbs are made at other times of the year as well. The two most common starting points are from the Timberline parking lot, as shown in Figure 3.13.

Numerous nature trails (Figure 3.13) have also been constructed around Timberline Lodge for use by guests and visitors. Day-hikers and back packers also begin their trips from Timberline Lodge. The Pacific Crest trail, which runs the length of the continent from Mexico to Canada, passes eight hundred feet north of the Lodge and forms part of the Timberline Trail, a well travelled loop trail that encircles Mount Hood.

Summer or winter, skiing or walking, Nature is very accessable at Timberline.

Visual Characteristics: Without a doubt, the presence of Mount Hood dominates any view of, or from the site. Whether the view is of the peak itself to the north, or of its foothills to the south, there is a constant visual reminider of one's presence on the mountain. The southern view includes a horizon that streaches from far out in eastern Oregon to the foothills overlooking Portland to the west. On a clear day, Mount Jefferson and the other peaks of the southern Oregon Cascades are visible directly to the south (Figures 3.14 and 3.15). Closer to Mount Hood, the Mirror Mountain ski area (formerly Multorpor-Skibowl) and several lakes, nestled into the foothills, can be seen. North from the Lodge, a spectacular view of the summit can be had on a clear day (Figure 3.16).


Figure 3.14: Direction of major viewpoints. (Author)



 
Figure 3.15: View south from Timberline Lodge. Mount Jefferson and the Three Sisters can be seen on the horizon. (Author)   Figure 3.16: View north from Timberline Lodge. (Author)

USERS

Of all those who use the Timberline Lodge Resort Complex, day-visitors far outnumber the rest. As many as 9,000 people may visit the area on a peak weekend day; 4,000 on an average day (these are 1968 figures, visitation has undoubtably increased substantially since then). (19) Non-skiers comprise eighty-eight percent of the annual visitations, (eighty percent in the winter), as most visitors come to see the Lodge and its setting. Timberline advertises itself as a winter sports complex and tends to attract people with an intrest in snow and mountain related recreation, but, with the high number of "walk-through" visitations, it is clear that presently the attraction is most often Timberline Lodge itself (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1
USERS - THE TIMBERLINE RESORT COMPLEX

 

SERVICE:   

Lodge employees
Delivery vehicles and drivers
Ambulances and drivers
Snow removal equipment and operators

VISITORS:   

Tourists: 88% of annual visitations
Walk-through and day visitors
Hotel guests and conventioneers
Recreationalists: 12% of annual visitations
Downhill skiers
Cross country skiers
Inner-tubers
Climbers
Backpackers
Day hikers

Overnight guests are currently limited in number to 150 by the size of the Lodge (fifty-six rooms). As already mentioned, more rooms have been proposed to bring the capacity to at least 300. Convention facilities were added in 1974 as part of the addition to the Lodge to attract guests during the low demand times of spring and fall. Employees, for the most part are required to use overnight accommodations in Government Camp or elsewhere, to free up rooms in the Lodge for paying guests.

FACILITIES PROGRAM - THE WY'EAST DAY LODGE

The facilities program supplied by BOORA (Appendix C) describes a single structure approximately 40,000 square feet in size. The space requirement descriptions, divided into five broad categories, are summarized and condensed as follows (see also Table 3.2):

Public Circulation 11,150 sf.
  Gift Shop
Circulation -
     "Milling"
     "Lockers"
"Brown Bag" Lunch Area
Entry
Public Restrooms
Climbers' Room

Those who drew up the facilities program envisioned the Day Lodge as essentially a large circulation space within which lodge activities would take place. "The space identified as 'Milling' . . . will function as the 'livingroom' of the Day Lodge . . . where people come in to rest and warm up and should logically function for summer and winter visitors" (Appendix C, Section 231.2.a). Another part of the circulation space is identified as more utilitarian by the designation 'Lockers'. Flexibility of juxtaposition is allowed in the realization of these two circulation requirements.

All publicly accessable spaces are to open directly off the major circulation spaces.

Two entries, at each end of the circulation area, are implied but not specifically required.

Near one of the main entries, a VIS display is required for use by the Forest Service.

Skier Services 4,850 sf.
Nursery
Ski Rental / Repair
Ski Patrol Room
First Aid Room
Ticket Booth

A large rental area is required to accommodate both regular ski and boot rental as well as the equipment required for the ski school Graduated Length Method (GLM) of instruction.

First aid and ski patrol rooms must be near each other and and directly accessable from the outside. (It is not advisable to require the ski patrol to transport an accident victim through any of the public spaces.)

Administrative Spaces 4,150 sf.
Multipurpose Rooms
Offices
Ski Instructors' Room
Employees' Dormitories

These facilities are primarily for offices and activites to be moved from Timberline Lodge: ski school, Forest Service workshops, and non-hotel administration.

The employees dormitories provide overnight accommodations for up to sixteen people, most likely seasonal workers. These rooms allow some of the sleeping rooms in Timberline Lodge to return to use by guests and are the only sleeping facilities in this portion of the overall development.

Food Service 9,300 sf.
Dining Room
Kitchen
Bar / Beer Stube

The dining room and kitchen are intended to operate in a "fast food" style--limited short order with some pre-prepared items. Customer turn over is high. Peak use is on inclement weekends during lunch, around 12:30 pm. Night skiing will provide some dinner clientele, but the preponderance will be for lunch.

An atmosphere "typical of a Ski-Lodge" is suggested for the beer stube. It should include the bar, but emphasis is less on alcohol consumption (limited to beer and wine) and more on "apres-ski" socializing.

Utilities 6,450 sf.
Loading Dock
Mechanical Facilities
Wood Storage
General Storage
(Tunnel)

The loading dock is the focus of all the utility and service oriented spaces. Aside from normal deliveries, it will probably have to serve as one of the primary fire exits, thus be accessable to the interior public spaces. It must be enclosed as it serves the first aid room and attending ambulance during inclement weather.

Mechanical facilities will likely include heat generating equipment for both the Day Lodge and Timberline Lodge, pending the outcome of an evaluation of the existing boiler system. A service tunnel between the existing loading dock in the 1974 C. S. Price convention wing addition and the new Day Lodge mechanical spaces is also suggested.

Table 3.2
SUMMARY OF WY'EAST DAY LODGE
SPACE REQUIREMENTS

 
Public Circulation
Skier Services
Administrative
Food Service
Utilities


10% Walls, Misc. Circulation

Total

 


11,150 sf.
4,850 sf.
4,150 sf.
9,300 sf.
6,450 sf.
-----------
35,900 sf.
3,600 sf.
-----------
39,500 sf.

 

A space relations diagram is shown in Figure 3.17 which reflects the requirements of the facilities program. The two entries, implicit in the program, are included as end points of the public circulation system and are shown shaded.


Figure 3.17: Bubble diagram sketch of space relations for the Wy'East Day Lodge. (Author)
 XXXXX Could be the same space 
 ===== Essential spatial relationship 
 ----- Strong spatial relationship 

Go to CHAPTER IV - SITE HISTORY: BUILDING ON MOUNT HOOD
Table of Contents


CHAPTER III NOTES

1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Mount Hood National Forest, Timberline Lodge: Final Environmental Statement, (1975), p. i. (Hereafter cited as Environmental Statement.)

2. Ibid, pp. 5,8.

3. Ibid, p. i.

4. Ibid, p. 15.

5. Ibid, pp. 42-68.

6. Ibid, pp. 15, 16.

7. Ibid, p. 18.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid, pp. 17, 18.

11. Ibid, Appendix 1.

12. Ibid, Appendix 2.

13. Ibid, Appendix 5.

14. Ibid, Appendix 3.

15. Bill Connerly, Timberline Lodge manager, telephone interview, December 9, 1984.

16. Environmental Statement, p. 6.

17. Ibid, p. 6.

18. "After Mount Fujiyama in Japan, Mount Hood is often called the most often climbed glacial mountain peak in the world." Carl Gohs, Timberline, (1973), p. 10.

19. Environmental Statement, p. 8.

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Master of Architecture Thesis
(M. Arch - University of Washington - 1986)


Extensive copying of this thesis is allowable only for scholarly purposes,
consistent with "fair use" as described in the U.S. Copyright Law.
Any other reproduction for any purpose or by any means
shall not be allowed without my written permission.


Copyright 1986 © Thomas P. Deering, Jr.



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